Burdo, birdsko - a device for hand weaving, a kind of ridge. It has been known since ancient times. It can be used to create a thin woven strip. A beard can be made with a belt, a thin towel, tablecloths, etc. The bird is a flat plaque in which several dozen longitudinal slots are made. A hole is made in each "column" separating the two slits. There can be such holes - vertically - from one to three, which allows you to complicate the pattern by working with threads of different colors.
When creating a canvas, threads are threaded into the burdo - both into longitudinal slots and into "column" holes. Then the bird moves up/down. The threads in the longitudinal slits remain in place, and the threads threaded into the holes are displaced up or down. Due to this, "zev" is created - the gap between the threads of the base. A string of duck is threaded into this "zev" - with your hands or with the help of a shuttle. Thus, a cloth or belt is created.
Biklaga - Cooper product; two-day flattened 5-10 liter vessel for the delivery of water, kvass, etc. It was made from oak (less often spruce) rivets tied with hoops, 1.5-2 times punitive than the diameter of the bottom; in one button there was a hole, plugged with a cork. They were transferred on a belt, which was attached in special sockets (ears) on the side of the vessel. They were widely used in the everyday life of Belarusians almost until the middle of the 20th century.
Roller (lapta, portomoynik, pralnik). A massive rectangular plate for gouging out laundry during washing, slightly curved, with a handle. Rolls were made mainly from light wood species - linden or birch. The upper front surface of some rollers was decorated with notched carvings, painting. The greatest decorativeness was distinguished by rollers, which served as gifts of guys to girls. Some were made in the form of a stylized female figure. Her head was a rounded thickening at the end of the handle, and her body was the working surface of the roller. Other rollers drilled voids in the handles and placed small pebbles or peas in them, which made sounds resembling a ratchet during work.
Spindle - a tool for manual spinning of flax, sheep wool, hemp. In ancient times, the spindle was a wooden slightly pointed stick, later a cone-shaped stick 20-30 cm long with a pointed top, thickened bottom and sharp heel. The spindle was cut with a knife or pulled from birch, ash, pear, etc. For the sake of convenience and how the jewelry was cut into rings - recesses.
Forks - home household (stove) inventory. Local name of the uhvata. Semi-circular iron ragach (grab), mounted on a long wooden fore. It serves to plant pots, pots that are installed in the oven or taken out of it. In the interior of a traditional peasant house, forks occupy a place near the stove in a stoker, along with a poker, a frying pan, etc., with stove equipment.
Pot - a pottery, a clay vessel for cooking a hot dish, preserving bulk substances, etc., its shape is well adapted for rapid and uniform heating in a heated oven: round with convex sides, narrowed flat bottom and mouth surrounded by corollas (often with a tire and 1-2 handles for convenience of use). The size of the pots is very different - from 0.5 liters to 10-15 liters.
The crest is a tool for carding linen fiber. The spade-shaped ridge was made from one piece of wood (aspen or birch). Teeth (20-25 cm) were cut into the blades (20-35 cm wide), the blade passed into the handle (80-90 cm, usually the handle was placed on a bench and sat on it).
Zhban is a pottery, earthenware for storing milk and other liquid products. They did it with an elongated body, convex sides, a narrowed throat, a spout and an eye - a handle.
Tile - a ceramic product for facing and decorative finishing of furnaces, fireplaces, etc. Tile is often used for wall and floor cladding, and can be either simple square tiles or complex mosaics. It is a tile, the back of which has the form of a box for fastening in masonry. In Belarus, tile production developed from the 14th century. Belarusian tile production of the 17th century. significantly influenced the development of tile production in the Russian state, where Belarusian craftsmen worked. In particular, our fellow countryman Stepan Polubes became famous.
Stroller - cradle, tube, baby bed; a long-standing type of folk furniture. They did it from boards or racks; in Western Belarus weaved from willow rods, roots in the form of a long wallet (sometimes with a visor); hung from the ceiling or beam. For the convenience of wobbling, a rope was attached to the stroller (you could swing your foot or over distances).
A jug is a pottery, a clay vessel for storing milk and dairy products. It was done with an elongated body, convex sides and a narrowed neck, but wider than the bottom of the mouth. Pitchers were made hot, hot-smoked and glazed. They were decorated with gloss, linearly wavy ornaments drawn over a damp surface, geometric and plant paintings and colored paints.
A shovel is a tool through which dough was put into an oven and bread was taken out of the oven. A bread shovel was made from a board of usually hardwood wood. To make the dough easier to shift to the sunbed, the sides of the shovel were made thinner. Before putting the dough in the oven, the hostess covered the shovel with horseradish, maple or oak foliage, airs and sprinkled torture on top.
Oil mill - Cooper product; Oil blasting vessel. It was determined by a variety of shapes and structures. Most often - a narrow tall tub of rivets. In the lid in the middle there is a hole for a whorl (beat), the upper end of which went out. And a circle with holes or a cross (impact part) was attached to the lower one.
Spinning wheel, a tool for mechanized spinning of linen and sheep wool at home. In Belarus, the distaff appeared in the 16th century. at manufactory enterprises. In peasant life it has been used since the mid-19th century, especially in areas of intensive flax growing. Replaced spindle spinning.
A samovar is a solid thin-walled vessel that vertically penetrates a pipe, from a firebox to a burner. Fuel is laid through the pipe. At the bottom, the pipe expands. The furnace is attached to the bottom of the samovar at a distance from the table surface. This ensures stability and fire safety. Air passes through the grill into the pipe and naturally rises up, creating traction in the furnace. At a short distance from the bottom there is a crane. In the village huts, the samovar pipe was connected using an L-shaped pipe with a chimney, which provided traction. In the case when the fuel or weather was raw, the samovar had to be inflated. This can be done through holes in the walls of the furnace, or with the help of a boot, in the so-called "peasant way," which was dressed on a samovar pipe. When the water begins to boil, an infusion kettle is installed on the burner. The thrust slows down. Water slowly reaches the boil, while brewing tea.
Sickle is a tool for harvesting grain crops (rye, barley, wheat, millet, oats, etc.). known from ancient times (stone, bronze). By the end of the 19th century. sickles were made from iron, which was smelted in mines from local swamp ore, the cutting part was serrated. In Belarus, semicircular (spherical - it was easier to press) and elongated (oval) were used everywhere.
Rolling pins - devices for smoothing woven products (linen, clothing). The product wound on a rolling pin was rolled out.
Roll - a straight or curved wooden bar with trapezoidal teeth cut across from below and with a handle.
Splice (double, tee) - a pottery, a clay vessel with 2 or 3 pots of the same or different size, fastened with a handle (lids were made to the pots). They also called greenhouses, doubles, twins. In spices, they wore food on the field in hayfields or roasting.
Tesla is a carpenter's tool - a genus of ax, but with a blade placed perpendicular to the ax. Sometimes the blade is given a round or oval shape. It is used for punching out various wood products (for example, trough, etc.) and cutting out slots.